ISSN 0798 1015

Vol. 40 (Issue 42) Year 2019. Page 1

Employment of young specialists in rural territories

Empleo de jóvenes especialistas en territorios rurales

SHARAPOVA, Valentina M. 1; SHARAPOVA, Natalia V. 2 & SEMINA, Natalia A. 3

Received: 19/12/2018 • Approved: 24/11/2019 • Published 09/12/2019

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Results

4. Conclusions

References

1. Introduction

In modern conditions of management it is difficult to overestimate the role of qualified personnel, and especially, it concerns the agricultural sector. There is still a lot of manual labor, where you have to work, affecting biological objects (animals and plants), where working time does not coincide with the working period, work where there is great dependence on natural factors, as some experts say – «work in the workshop open air». And if we add to this the «charms» of rural areas, where agricultural organizations are mainly located, then the above factors will add the problems of a low level of social and communal infrastructures. This article sets the goal: to analyze the factors that impede the employment and retention of young professionals in organizations and enterprises of the agro-industrial complex located in rural areas, and develop scientifically-based proposals to increase the fixability of young professionals in agricultural organizations.

3. Results

Despite various types of programs related to the improvement of rural areas and housing construction, rural housing stock still lags far behind the urban one (Table 1).

Table 1
Improvement of housing in rural
and urban areas,% [15]

As we strive to live in rural areas with such public services of rural housing stock, it turns out that in recent years, modern agricultural workforces have left rural settlements, including for this reason, and have enriched the urban environment.

The problem of qualified personnel arises in most subjects of the Russian Federation, and the Sverdlovsk region is no exception.

For example, in twenty-eight municipalities there is a shortage of specialists in the following specialties: veterinarian - 31 vacancies; livestock specialist - 27 vacancies; agronomist - 15 vacancies; tractor driver - 35 vacancies. The average salary, based on the information indicated on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Sverdlovsk Region: veterinary doctor 17.5 thousand rubles; livestock specialist –16.7 thousand rubles; agronomist - 18.0 thousand rubles; tractor driver - 15.08 thousand rubles (table 2).

Table 2
Vacancies at enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region agro-industrial
complex (according to the ministry as of 01.10. 2018), fragment

This situation is due to two main reasons - the lack of housing and low wages. Average wages in agricultural organizations remain low compared with industry. Thus, the remuneration of labor of veterinary doctors is only from 10.9 thousand rubles to 20 thousand rubles. And only in the Sysertsky district, it is 26.0 thousand rubles; agronomists - from 15 to 20 thousand rubles; for tractor drivers (tractor drivers) - from 12 to 20 thousand rubles. Accommodation provides only a little more than 60% of employers.

Table 3
Vacancies at enterprises of the Sverdlovsk Oblast AIC
(according to the Ministry for 2017), fragment

How to be under these conditions, young professionals? Today, the wording «The Young Specialist» is missing in the labor code, however, this interpretation is found in other regulatory acts that regulate labor relations with young personnel. Thus, Article 70 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that young specialists should be individuals who have completed training in organizations with state accreditation and have been employed in the specialty (direction) during the first year after receiving the diploma of education.

As the data in Tables 1 and 2 show, housing supply is quite low (with a large proportion of graduates of higher and secondary educational institutions indicating this criterion as a priority).

Under current legislation, the provision of housing for young professionals is in the introduction of the subject of the Russian Federation. Today, in rural areas there is a state target program «Young Specialist in the Village», which is intended to attract qualified personnel to perform the labor function in the village. The basis of this program is the Federal Program «Social Development of the Village».

And from here, in different regions of the country and different business entities, they interpret this concept in completely different ways, and most importantly, they refer to graduates of agricultural educational institutions in different ways. In some cases, young professionals consider graduates of universities and colleges under the age of 35 years old, graduated from an educational institution and employed in the first three months after graduation, in others - within a year. There are cases when it is necessary to get settled within one month after graduation, otherwise in a number of organizations the provision of a collective agreement on a young specialist will no longer apply to such a specialist. In most organizations, this rule is absent altogether.

Without pretending to the most effective and comprehensive mechanism for attracting young specialists to the village, we consider it necessary to adopt a federal-level document (decree, law, decree) determining the status of a young specialist traveling to a non-urban (rural) territory.

The solution to attracting qualified and young personnel to the rural areas of the country should be measures related to increasing the profitability of the industry, reducing the labor intensity of all types of agricultural work. The growth of the content and attractiveness of labor through the introduction of new technologies, including digital technologies and robotics.

Even today, robotics gives its tangible results. Surveys conducted in a number of business entities using robotics in the agricultural sector of the Sverdlovsk region showed that her choice was more associated with social factors (causes).

Among such reasons, respondents indicated the possibility of reducing the organization’s dependence on personnel risks and the state of the agricultural labor market. They also pointed out the possibility of releasing time for changing employment, ensuring flexibility of work, reducing injuries and occupational diseases. Of the total list of questionnaires, more than 53% of the total number of respondents indicated the social reasons for the introduction of robotics, associated with the risks of not going to work (truancy) and a shortage of qualified personnel, low labor and technological discipline (Table 4).

Table 4
Identified reasons for the use of robotics in the farms
of the Sverdlovsk region,% of respondents [14]

Analyzing the above table (Table 2), it should be noted that managers of economic entities are still concerned about the problems of labor and technological discipline, which again is due to the low skills of workers in many agricultural organizations.
Sociological studies conducted in June 2017 in the climatic zones of the Sverdlovsk region (forest-steppe and forest-meadow) that are most favorable for the development of agriculture showed that the majority of respondents, young professionals, did not have a clear idea of ​​their future work. So answered almost 52% of the number of surveyed young professionals aged 23-25 ​​years. 42% of the respondents considered themselves prepared for work in agricultural organizations. Among the reasons that did not allow to adequately prepare for work in rural areas, most consider practical training in agro-educational institutions insufficient.

That is why many specialists consider it necessary to develop a dual educational system, in which there is an interpenetration and a systemic integration of theoretical and practical professional training. In this regard, the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan may be interesting, where the implementation of such a system has demonstrated high performance, and, in the first place, in most cases has allowed to eliminate the discrepancy between the agricultural university theory and agricultural practice.

The problem of retaining young specialists in rural areas remains relevant, which is primarily due to the low attractiveness of the industry, the low level of social infrastructure, and the insufficient level of wages. It requires a systematic approach. To date, a holistic and effective organizational and economic mechanism for increasing the fixability of young specialists in rural areas has not been established. It is about creating a mechanism that includes a system of interaction of educational institutions with employers, associations and unions; creating conditions for successful adaptation of young specialists to working conditions in rural areas; motivation and career growth.

But this mechanism will not be able to function without legal support. In this case, it is worth reviewing the status of the program related to the sustainable development of rural areas, providing it with federal status with an appropriate level of funding for program activities. To determine the status of a young specialist traveling to rural areas, defining rights and obligations, as well as preferences related to the provision of adequate housing and wages.

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1. Doctor of Economics, Professor, Ural State University of Economics,  e-mail: sharapova_vm@usue.ru

2. Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Ural State University of Economics, e-mail: n.v.sharapova@usue.ru

3. Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Ural State University of Economics, e-mail: nataly-s-78@mail.ru