ISSN 0798 1015

Vol. 38 (Nº 40) Año 2017. Pág. 45

Method Evaluation of the Human Capital with its Innovational Potential Consideration and Perspectives of Regional Development: The Example of the Republic of Tatarstan and Volga Federal District Regions

Evaluación del Método del Capital Humano con su Potencial Innovador Consideración y Perspectivas de Desarrollo Regional: El Ejemplo de la República de Tatarstán y las Regiones del Distrito Federal del Volga

Irina Sergeevna DMITRIEVA 1; Rustam Ilfarovich SHARAFUTDINOV 2; Vladislav Olegovych GERASIMOV 3; Elvir Munirovich AKHMETSHIN 4; Sergey Vasilyevich PAVLOV 5

Recibido: 04/04/2017 • Aprobado: 12/04/2017

Content

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Results

4. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Bibliographic references

Introduction

In recent years, more and more attempts in Russia to strengthen innovation processes undertakes, which should create the conditions for a new stage of development of the national economy (Cecina, 2013, p. 242). Often, standard and traditional methods of control factors of production, specifically human capital, begin to lose their potential and become more and more constraints that lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the use of modern innovative human capital programs (Gerasimov et. al., 2016, p. 202), (Varvarigos and Arsenis, 2015, p. 151).

In this regard, as well as the increasingly dynamic processes in the economy, there is a need to develop new approaches in the control and the development of innovative human capital (Markova and Smirnova, 2013, p. 163). This is due to the fact that there are innovations and innovation activity become driving forces for the development of all sectors of the economy, and the development of human capital in particular (Korableva and Kalimullina, 2016). However, to improve the management of the innovative human capital development modern methods of evaluation are needed (Korableva and Kalimullina, 2014). Development and testing of a valid method for assessing human capital in view of its innovation potential will identify and analyze its condition in various regions of the country (Zubakov and Mustafin, 2015, p. 272), (Latyshev and Akhmetshin, 2015).

In Russia, one of the most actively developing innovative regions the Republic of Tatarstan appears it is among the five most socio - economically developed regions of Russia during last several years (Ustyuzhna and Khusainova, 2013).  Traditionally, Tatarstan has high educational, scientific, innovative and production potential. For this reason, testing methodology for assessing human capital of the regions in view of its innovation potential we chose Tatarstan. To determine the effect of human capital on the results of socio - economic achievements in the republic the analysis and the assessment of human capital has been held, including in the area of innovations in the Republic of Tatarstan and other subjects of the Volga Federal District (VFD). Calculations and analysis were carried out on the basis of data for the period 2010-2015 (Gorodnikova et al., 2015, p. 320).

1.1. Research Background

The theoretical basis of the study were the results of fundamental scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists who have devoted their works on human capital such as: Baron A., Armstrong, M. (Baron and Armstrong, 2007), Davenport T. О., Schultz T. (Schultz, 1961), Ansoff I., Vikhansky O. S., Egorshin A. P., Karlof B., Lunev V. L., Kubenka M. (2014), Kralova V. (2013),  Petrov A. P., Thompson A., Bondarenko, M. P., Shafran A. M., Mustafin A. N., Misharina, M. V. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the analysis of the considered factors. The study is based on extensive use of methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization and integration, factor and statistical analysis. The above methods are used in different combinations at different stages of the study (Nevretdinova, 2015, p. 552). In the study so-called representative approach, method of assessing the region's human capital was used as a base (Zabelina et al., 2013, p.55).

As an empirical basis the database of the Federal service of state statistics and territorial bodies of the Volga Federal District, as well as materials of science seminars and scientific conferences are used.

2. Methodology

In assessing of the development of human capital level of the Republic of Tatarstan with its innovative potential consideration as of elements of the regional human capital indicators the following indicators are proposed (Table 1) (Zubarevich, 2014, p. 9).

Description and justification of the research methods used. Normally, the methods will be selected from known and proven examples. In special cases the development of a method may be a key part of the research, but then this will have been described in Introduction section and reviewed in first one.

Table 1- The indicators to measure the region's human capital system

Next, it is necessary to determine the indices of Education Capital Index (ECI), Index of labor capital (ILC), Health capital index (HCI), Index of sociocultural capital (ISCC), Index of innovation and intellectual capital (IIIC)   for each territory. Integral (overall) index of the region's human capital (IIRHC) should be calculated based on them.

In order to simplify the methodology for assessing the human capital, the relative importance of each individual and composite indices can be considered equal area formula 3-8. (Zabelina et al., 2013, p.56).

Model

We carry out an assessment of human capital for the Republic of Tatarstan, as for the parameters transfer it is necessary to compare all the regions of the Volga Federal District. As a result, it will be shown value figures for Tatarstan, calculated on the base of Rosstat data and transferred into the range of values from 0 to 1, with the help of the formulas – (1) и (2) (Table 2).

Table 2 -Integrated performance of the evaluation of the Republic
of Tatarstan human capital for the year 2010-2015

Thus, performed calculations show that the value of each index varies from 0 to 1. The closer index value to, the greater the level of development on a particular index in the given region (Gagarin, 2012, p. 11).

 We suppose that the influence of each parameter on human capital has equivalent effects. Final results form the overall index of human capital development in the region. In compare with 2010, all indexes show increase in their values and continue to show steady growth (Gapsalamov, 2013).

Next, we need to calculate the following indexes: ECI, ILC, HCI, ISCC and IIIC, which are necessary to calculate the overall index of human capital development in the region:

PPI (2010) = (1+ 0.20 + 0.40 + 1) / 4 = 0.67. Accordingly: 2011 = 0.54; 2012 = 0.68; 2013 = 0.61; 2014 = 0.59; 2015 = 0.70 we will calculate value of other parameters, in an analogous manner, with use of the following the formulas - (3-8) (Table 3).

Table 3 - Human Capital Index of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2010-2015 year

Thus, most of the indicators in the period from 2010 to 2015 show a steady growth, with the exception of the indices of sociocultural and innovation and intellectual capitals, what explains by the reduction in spending on education and social policies during a period of crisis (McGuirk et al., 2015, p. 971).

For more precise information and a complete picture of the situation, we need to carry out a comparative description of the human capital state of the Volga Federal District regions.

Table 4 - Education Capital Index (ECI) VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

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Table 5 - Index of labor capital (ILC) of VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

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Table 6- Health capital index (HCI) VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

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Table 7-Index of sociocultural capital (ISCC) VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

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Table 8 - Index of innovation and intellectual capital (IIIC) VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

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Table 9- The overall index of human capital VFD regions for the 2010-2015 year.

Thus, the main parts of the region's human capital index were assessed which reflected on how many regions are effective in the field of human capital management. As we wrote earlier the most effective human capital management is carried out while we have information about its real state, as well as its potential (Cohen-Pirani, 2015, p.112).

 For more detailed analysis, we consider the state of human capital in the Volga Federal District as a macro region with high human and resource potentials. To do this, we carry out the analysis to other regions of the Volga Federal District of the indicators in systems that form human capital (Mustafin, 2015, p. 105). The need to develop and enhance the level of human capital is necessary to the fact that it produces quality and high standard of living. With a high concentration of innovation and intellectual manpower VFD economy can reach a new level of development and, consequently, change "skewed" GRP structure that is incorporated in the implementation of the strategic target of regional development programs and strategies for socio-economic complex (Mishagina, 2015, p. 1012).

We considered indicators that reflect the level of development of human capital of the Volga Federal District regions. Next, we shall represent them graphically for a more visual representation of the results.

Fig. 1. The overall human capital index (ICHKR) VFD region

Based on the resulting data and the overall  human capital index (ICHKR) regions of the Volga Federal District the Republic of Tatarstan is the leader. It can be concluded that the use of innovative programs in the field of human capital and methods of work for the implementation of the updated innovation policy requests a systematic resolution of issues (Mustafin and Ignateva, 2016, p. 31). The professional experience and expertise of great importance in increasing the efficient use of human capital accumulate for a long time. It is necessary to invest heavily in the development of knowledges. Then region will be able to apply their knowledge in practice (Davin et al., 2015, p. 48).

The process of formation of human capital requires at least five years. Wherein there is no guarantee that the implementation of the human capital of an innovative program will bring a positive effect, the result can be negative, which can serve as an example of the Perm region and the Orenburg region. As you can see from the results of human capital indicators deteriorate since 2013, approximately in equal proportions. Note that there is deterioration of innovation and intellectual capital in the same years (Osadchy and Akhmetshin, 2015).

In order to follow the trend of further development of human capital we can construct the trend on the basis of the results of the 2010 -2015 year.

Fig. 2. Predictive values of human capital development
in the Volga Federal District in the years 2016-2020

There should be gradual and extensive study of all the stages that make up the process of human capital creating. It is necessary to take into account the specificity of each region, and then the process for improving the use and development of human capital will be more effective, and will benefit not only particular regions of Russia, but the entire state as a whole (Wietzke, 2015, p.298).

Thus, for the majority of regions of Russia need to developing and modernization the existing programs for human capital development are needed in order to improve the economic potential in the fields of innovation with taking into account the specificities of each region. For Tatarstan are needed: emphasis on innovative training programs for regional clusters, the territory of priority development and special economic zones the creation and development of which are incorporated in the strategic development of Tatarstan till 2030, with the use of the main factor - human capital. In Tatarstan this problem is a big omission and an obstacle in improving of the region's economic development (Tatarstan 2030, 2015), (Matveev et. al., 2016).

Tatarstan continues to hold a leading position in Russia, but its human capital has a great potential what should be developed and to used, since the country's economy as a whole is one of the most promising in terms of the factors that contribute to the future success and efficient development of the region (Silos and Smith, 2015, p. 640).

Acknowledgments

The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University.

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1. Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnochelninsky Institute of KFU, Russian Federation, Tatarstan, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, Mira St., (1/18). E-mail: iradmit@yandex.ru

2. Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnochelninsky Institute of KFU, Russian Federation, Tatarstan, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, Mira St., (1/18). E-mail: pineapplehead@inbox.ru

3. Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnochelninsky Institute of KFU, Russian Federation, Tatarstan, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, Mira St., (1/18). E-mail: tigrurus@mail.ru

4. Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute of KFU, Russian Federation, Tatarstan, 423604, Elabuga, Kazanskaya Street, 89, E-mail: elvir@mail.ru

5. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, SUAI, Russian Federation, 190000, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya str., 67  E-mail: pavlovspb555@mail.ru